The Plan part 2

This is a follow on from my previous post The Plan.

Preamble

These posts are me sharing my internal voyage of discovery regarding facts about the universe and physics. They are not a description of reality. My thoughts lead to conclusions that disagree with agreed scientific facts (hopefully, where I know this, I make this plain), and therefore a lot of what I say here is almost certainly incorrect.

You probably shouldn't read this blog, and you should double check anything I say before repeating it to anyone else.

Also I'm very lazy and like to shorten words or phrases that I'm going to by typing a lot as acronyms. I indicate this by putting the acronym in brackets after the first mention, from then on I will probably just use the acronym. E.g. Rather than typing black hole(BH) multiple times I'll just put BH (or I might type it out in full for no reason). I'm also going down a few rabbit hole diversions, so I'll highlight them in light blue so you can skip them for sanity.

Introduction

The previous post was basically a thought experiment about what it would be like to be inside a black hole just prior to and as it formed. This post is inspired by a similar thought experiment, about what it would be like to be riding along with a photon as it flew into one. The conclusions I reached whilst thinking about this contradict agreed science in at least the following ways:

• It suggests there is no singularity at the centre of the Black Hole.
• It suggests that Penrose diagrams are rubbish at describing the behaviour of things inside a black hole.

Therefore everything in this post is almost certainly wrong and you should ignore it.

Flying into a Black Hole

This realisation is started answering some of my questions from the previous blog post, and as such I'm quite excited about it: That the closer you get to a BH the slower your subjective time is, this is due to relativistic Time Dilation (TD) See: Minute physics discusses time dilation using a Penrose Diagram toy.

At this point it might make sense to have a think about the nature of Space Time (ST), this is a big diversion and you probably should just skip to 'diversion 1 over...' subheading.

Diversion 1: The nature of space time

I want to talk about about TD, the speed of light (acronym-ed as C because that's just what everyone does), and the nature of the universe. For a while now I've been thinking about what causes the speed of light restriction and time dilation. I think I've been thinking about it for as long as I can remember, I've been fascinated with it since at least the age of 9. 

It struck me early on that for this cosmic speed limit to make any sense both space and time must be made of discrete units and neither can be analogue. This also solves Zenos paradox. See: Answers with Joe discusses Zenos Paradox.

As a software engineer my thoughts have also been gravitating (see what did there) towards the notion that the entire universe is like a program processing data. Very literally like The Game Of Life but with the pixels being Plank Lengths. I've pondered on the notion that the reason for the C speed limit is a processing limitation of the hardware processing the data. If this is the case then the 'servers' that process the universe are probably highly distributed but in an unintuitive way. 

As mentioned in the Part 1, BHs get less dense the bigger they are, or to put it another way, for a larger volume of space you need (relatively) less mass to create one. Specifically to create a BH you need enough mass to exceed the Schwarzschild Radius. See Minute physics discusses the Swarzschild Radius also see Not about the SR but hilarious and about BHs.

The simple answer to this must be that the servers do not exist in our 3D space, whatever 'space' they do occupy must manifest when projected into our universe as a sort of 2D sphere surrounding the 'objects' or 'data' they are processing. This doesn't make a great deal of intuitive sense as this would mean multiple intersecting spheres all over the place. I could try to hypothesise what this means but its beyond the scope of this blog. 

Diversion 1 over...

In any case the closer your area of space is to the SL (or put another way, the deeper inside a gravity well you are), the slower time is for you. That means as you look around, everything else appears to be moving quicker. In fact it was this realisation that has lead me to the conclusion that nothing can ever 'fall into' a BH. (more later).

This leads to the first error in part 1

Part 1, error 1: the effects of TD:

As the Dyson Swarm (DM) is being constructed around our solar system, more would be noticed than just a few stars blinking out. As our solar system sank deeper and deeper into the gravity well being constructed around it, the universe would move quicker and quicker. Things that are normally not noticeable in a human lifetime, like stars moving relative to each other, would become measurable and eventually noticeable with the human eye.

As the swarm got closer and closer to the SL, the speed of time for us would get so slow that if the aliens never sent that final photon, we would see the life of the universe played out on fast forward. The other stars around us expanding/exploding and dying, new stars being created, the Andromeda galaxy smashing into ours and flinging all the stars around. It would be quite the show. Except...

Diversion 2: The problem with Marvel

Well its not just Marvel but the scenes of superheros (in this case Quick Silver discussion here) moving at super high speeds always grate me a little. What would it look like to be Quick Silver moving at 20000 mph? (TLDR a bit like the XKCD baseball throw)

Well, for him time has sped up, so everything else appears to go in slow motion. Somehow he has the strength and power to move at normal speeds (for him, maybe his speed is some kind of reverse time dilation), but everything else goes slow. Except the energy from the photons hitting and bouncing off (or emitted from) everything else is also going slow, or to put it scientifically, red shifted. In reality, depending on how much the time differential was, everything would start to go darker and redder the faster he goes. (Also the air would get thicker, like treacle for small amounts of difference, like a brick wall for larger amounts).

If the above linked article about Quick Silver is correct, and he is running at 20,000 mph, that means he is operating at least 666x(spooky) faster than the fastest human which means there is 666x less energy from those photons hitting his eyes. Except...

It depends on the direction he's going. The light coming from the direction he is going is being smashed into his eyeballs and will have more energy than the light from behind him. I'm  not clever enough to work out the maths on this and whether the light coming from the direction of travel will appear darker or brighter than normal (probably brighter) but in any case we can say with certainty that the light in every other direction will be very dark and at least a little redder. (Counter intuitively he also seems wear sunglasses). This means not only can he bend time but his eyes are much more sensitive to low light and possibly also frequencies of light outside normal human vision. (Dont get me started on sound waves.)

Diversion 2 end... the light of a fast forwarding universe

So, the solar system is experiencing time at a much reduced rate to the rest of the universe and the universe is speeding around as observed from the doomed humans. However this light is going to be blue shifted (and amplified) a whole lot which means the night sky is getting awfully bright. And when I say bright and blue shifted, I mean all normally visible light is now gamma-rays and what used to be radio waves has become visible... that's if anyone was alive to view it which is unlikely because the sheer amount of energy baking the solar system would quickly destroy everything. Except...

Back to flying into the Black hole

The light from the rest of the universe is also slowed down.

Yup, this is confusing as hell. All light trying to enter our soon-to-be-a-black-hole solar system is also caught in the "time bubble" and slowed down too. I don't have the skill or knowledge to run the maths but intuition is telling me that the light might never reach us before our sun went supernova.

All that light approaching our solar system is going to bunch up, like pancakes. If the solar system had reached the SC limit (and our solar system was now an actual BH), then those pancakes would stack up, ever thinner and thinner forever, never quite reaching the Event Horizon(EH). In fact, by definition, time at the event horizon(EH) is stopped. The processors are incapable of computing any interactions, any events, anything at (or beyond) the EH. Too much data, too many interactions. 

Quick diversion

(When we think about the universe like this it reminds me of the video game Eve Online. When the servers in that game get overloaded they slow down the perceived time for the players, sometimes by as much as 95%, meaning it takes 20 minutes of real life time to play 1 minute of game time. In Eve, that's the maximum, but it seems the maximum in the real universe is 100%.)

So... the light from the universe isn't ever going to reach us, especially not once that final photon hits, the SC limit is breached and the solar system has become a BH, but even before then. The incoming light is slowed so much that given the likely lifespan of our star none of it would reach us before then anyway so in actuality the night sky would not go bright, it would go dark, really dark.

If you're confused right now then congratulations, to me, I've successfully communicated the stupidity of my brain and transplanted it to you. If you're not confused that means you're cleverer than me and you should write a comment below to set me straight.

So there's no singularity then, what about those Penrose diagrams?

So if time is stopped at a BH EH, that means nothing can pass it. Nothing can ever fall 'into' a BH. Also, nothing can 'exist' inside a BH because time cannot exist inside a BH. For most objects in the universe with large masses (e.g. planets, stars etc) the density and gravitational effects increase as you go down into them, (at least until you are near the centre at which point they tend to cancel out and become zero). With a BH, this cannot be the case. With time moving at zero (being the slowest it can move), there cannot be any gradation of gravity past the EH (or any energy differential of any kind), instead the 'inside', if you can call it that, must be uniformly nothingness. The servers are maxed out, they've given up, no processing, no singularity of infinite density, no backwards moving time, just static eternal nothingness. (As far as could be measured). All of the 'data' about stuff is stuck on the boundary layer and cannot move.

Wait, BHs do get bigger, they 'feed', ha! your wrong

Yes, that's true, and this takes me to the point of perspective. One thing physics and relativity in particular, is that depending on who and where you are changes how thing appear. For instance, the hypothetical Alcubierre drive allows you to travel faster than the speed of light. However, depending on if you're travelling with the vehicle, or observing the vehicle from afar changes whether or not you see a black hole or not.

Right now the theory I'm going with is that the mass/energy approaching the EH causes it to expand, freezing anything within the new radius. IE, nothing can fall 'onto' the EH but the EH can expand 'into' stuff. Also there's that Zeno paradox again. If the EH didn't move outwards to encompass new energy/mass/data, eventually ST doesn't have sufficient 'resolution' to stick another pancake into to create another 'stack'. 

This perspective point raises the possibility that the solar system inhabitants (if they can go post-biological and form an existence that can survive the solar system ending before the actual BH fully forms) can survive the BH formation. From their perspective the BH never fully forms and just before the final photon hits the DS decomposes due to proton decay... except probably not:

What about Hawking Radiation(HR)?

In short, I don't know, I haven't figured it out yet. But this is my current best guess:
Time 'inside' a BH is static, nothing can happen. If you are inside a BH when it forms and somehow not dead you get to remain frozen in stasis until the BH evaporates enough to unfreeze you. Given the currently accepted wisdom, that will never happen however.

The current scientific consensus is that as a BH evaporates due to HR, its SR shrinks, but it doesnt stop being a BH. I find this answer unsatisfying personally. It has lead me to think about what HR actually is though.

Given the processor/data analogy, could HR be the really really time dilated bits of energy finally escaping the EH? One idea could be that the universe really really hates static time, and maybe even doesn't allow it at all. Kind of how its impossible to accelerate anything with mass to the speed of light, it could be actually impossible to decelerate time to zero. Is HR just the really really slow release of energy from a super slow time version of whatever was there prior to the BH forming?

Interesting aside

Isaac Arthur mentioned in one of his videos about mega civilisations that some advanced space fairing civilisation could accidentally swallow itself into a black hole if it were not careful. This is due to the nature of BHs being easier to create (ie, they are less dense) the bigger they are. He imagines a civilisation that is creating ever larger space structures expanding their empire but without the huge distances we normally think of when thinking of space empires. E.g. they decide to move all their entire galaxy(s) worth of citizens into a space the size of e.g. our solar system. There probably is enough physical space to do this (in his example) but they forget about the SC limit (because advance space aliens are stupid) and their entire empire becomes a giant BH. If I find the episode I'll link it here.

I think they would notice sometime before that happened that time was slowing down for them. Like some guy would look up at the sky and say "hey, are those stars supposed to be moving that fast"?